Curriculum › Grade 12 › Mathematics

Radian Measure and Arc Length

  • Grade 12
  • Mathematics
  • F-TF.A.1
  • Functions
  • Free lesson

Aligned to F-TF.A.1 — Common Core State Standards for Mathematics.

What this lesson teaches

One radian is the angle that subtends an arc equal in length to the radius. On the unit circle (radius 1), the radian measure of an angle equals the length of the arc it cuts off, and a full circle is 2 × pi radians.

Worked examples

Example 1

A quarter of a circle is one fourth of 2 × pi = pi/2 radians. On the unit circle, that arc has length pi/2, which is about 1.57.

Example 2

A circular running track has radius 50 m. How far does a runner travel on an arc of 1.2 radians? Arc length s = rθ = 50 × 1.2 = 60 meters. The formula works only because θ is in radians — that is exactly the property radians were defined to have.

Example 3

Common mistake: forgetting that s = rθ needs the radius, not the diameter. A wheel 28 inches ACROSS turning 3 radians moves 14 × 3 = 42 inches, not 28 × 3 = 84. Halve any diameter before it enters the formula. The same trap sits in sector area A = (1/2)r²θ, where using the diameter multiplies the answer by four.

Practice questions

  1. How many radians are in a full circle?
  2. Convert 180 degrees to radians.
  3. On the unit circle, what arc length matches an angle of pi/3 radians?

Watch the lesson

Every lesson comes with a video taught in English and Spanish — the same video the QR code in the printed workbook opens.

▶ Watch this lesson

En español

Medida en radianes y longitud de arco

Un radián es el ángulo que subtiende un arco de longitud igual al radio. En el círculo unitario (radio 1), la medida en radianes de un ángulo es igual a la longitud del arco que abarca, y una circunferencia completa mide 2 × pi radianes.

Ejemplo 1: Un cuarto de circunferencia es la cuarta parte de 2 × pi = pi/2 radianes. En el círculo unitario, ese arco tiene longitud pi/2, aproximadamente 1.57.

Ejemplo 2: Una pista circular tiene 50 m de radio. ¿Cuánto recorre un corredor en un arco de 1.2 radianes? Longitud de arco s = rθ = 50 × 1.2 = 60 metros. La fórmula funciona solo porque θ está en radianes — esa es justo la propiedad para la que se definieron los radianes.

Ejemplo 3: Error común: olvidar que s = rθ necesita el radio, no el diámetro. Una rueda de 28 pulgadas de DIÁMETRO que gira 3 radianes avanza 14 × 3 = 42 pulgadas, no 28 × 3 = 84. Divide entre dos cualquier diámetro antes de meterlo en la fórmula. La misma trampa está en el área del sector A = (1/2)r²θ, donde usar el diámetro multiplica la respuesta por cuatro.

More Functions lessons

Trigonometric Functions and the Unit CircleF-TF.A.2Equivalent Forms of a FunctionF-IF.C.8Comparing Functions in Different FormsF-IF.C.9Building Functions from Two QuantitiesF-BF.A.1Transformations of Function GraphsF-BF.B.3Inverse FunctionsF-BF.B.4

Teach this lesson today

An AI tutor that guides with questions instead of just giving answers — all K–12 core subjects, every child in the family.

Start free — no card required