Curriculum › Grade 10 › Mathematics

Congruence Through Rigid Motions

  • Grade 10
  • Mathematics
  • G-CO.B.6
  • Congruence
  • Free lesson

Aligned to G-CO.B.6 — Common Core State Standards for Mathematics.

What this lesson teaches

Two figures are congruent exactly when some sequence of rigid motions maps one onto the other. Because rigid motions preserve distance and angle, congruent figures have equal corresponding sides and angles. To decide congruence, look for a mapping.

Worked examples

Example 1

Segment AB has A(0,0), B(3,0). Segment CD has C(1,2), D(1,5). Is AB congruent to CD? Length AB = 3, length CD = |5 - 2| = 3. A rotation of 90° plus a translation carries AB onto CD, so they are congruent. The equal lengths confirm a rigid motion exists.

Example 2

Triangle ABC has A(0,0), B(2,0), C(0,3). Triangle PQR has P(5,1), Q(5,3), R(8,1). Are they congruent? AB = 2 and PQ = 2; AC = 3 and PR = 3; both have a right angle at the first vertex. Rotating ABC by 90° clockwise and translating it by (5, 1) carries A to P, B to Q and C to R, so the triangles are congruent.

Example 3

Common mistake: concluding congruence from equal area or equal perimeter. A 6-by-2 rectangle and a 4-by-3 rectangle both have area 12, but no rigid motion carries one onto the other — you would have to stretch. Likewise a 3-4-5 triangle and a 2-5-5 triangle both have perimeter 12 and are not congruent. Congruence means a rigid motion exists, which requires EVERY corresponding distance to match, not one summary number.

Practice questions

  1. Triangle 1 has sides 5, 6, 7. Triangle 2 has sides 5, 6, 7. Can a rigid motion map one onto the other?
  2. A figure is reflected and then translated. Is the image congruent to the original? Explain using preserved quantities.
  3. Two rectangles both measure 4 by 9 but sit in different places and orientations. Are they congruent? Justify.

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En español

Congruencia mediante movimientos rígidos

Dos figuras son congruentes exactamente cuando alguna secuencia de movimientos rígidos mapea una sobre la otra. Como los movimientos rígidos conservan la distancia y el ángulo, las figuras congruentes tienen lados y ángulos correspondientes iguales. Para decidir la congruencia, busca un mapeo.

Ejemplo 1: El segmento AB tiene A(0,0), B(3,0). El segmento CD tiene C(1,2), D(1,5). ¿Es AB congruente con CD? Longitud AB = 3, longitud CD = |5 - 2| = 3. Una rotación de 90° más una traslación lleva AB sobre CD, así que son congruentes. Las longitudes iguales confirman que existe un movimiento rígido.

Ejemplo 2: El triángulo ABC tiene A(0,0), B(2,0), C(0,3). El triángulo PQR tiene P(5,1), Q(5,3), R(8,1). ¿Son congruentes? AB = 2 y PQ = 2; AC = 3 y PR = 3; ambos tienen un ángulo recto en el primer vértice. Rotar ABC 90° en sentido horario y trasladarlo por (5, 1) lleva A a P, B a Q y C a R, así que los triángulos son congruentes.

Ejemplo 3: Error común: concluir congruencia a partir de áreas o perímetros iguales. Un rectángulo de 6 por 2 y uno de 4 por 3 tienen área 12, pero ninguna transformación rígida lleva uno al otro — habría que estirarlo. Igualmente, un triángulo 3-4-5 y uno 2-5-5 tienen perímetro 12 y no son congruentes. Congruencia significa que existe una transformación rígida, lo cual exige que TODAS las distancias correspondientes coincidan, no un solo número resumen.

More Congruence lessons

Precise Geometric DefinitionsG-CO.A.1Transformations as FunctionsG-CO.A.2Symmetries of FiguresG-CO.A.3Defining Rigid MotionsG-CO.A.4Drawing and Sequencing TransformationsG-CO.A.5Triangle Congruence and Corresponding PartsG-CO.B.7

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