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Right-Triangle Trigonometry

  • Grade 10
  • Mathematics
  • G-SRT.C.8
  • Geometry
  • Free lesson

Aligned to G-SRT.C.8 — Common Core State Standards for Mathematics.

What this lesson teaches

In a right triangle, sine, cosine, and tangent relate an angle to ratios of sides (SOH-CAH-TOA). Use them to find missing sides or angles.

Worked examples

Example 1

To find the side opposite a 30° angle when the hypotenuse is 10: sin(30°) = opposite/10, so opposite = 10 × 0.5 = 5.

Example 2

A ramp rises 3 feet over a horizontal run of 12 feet. Find its angle with the ground. The rise is opposite the angle and the run is adjacent, so use tangent: tan t = 3/12 = 0.25. Then t = arctan(0.25) which is about 14°.

Example 3

Common mistake: picking the ratio by habit instead of by what is given. Sine, cosine and tangent are not interchangeable — sin needs the hypotenuse and the opposite leg, cos needs the hypotenuse and the adjacent leg, tan needs the two legs. Mark which two sides the problem actually names, then choose the ratio that uses exactly those two. Using sin when you were handed two legs gives a wrong angle every time.

Practice questions

  1. Write the ratio for tangent of an angle.
  2. Find the opposite side if sin(40°)≈0.64 and hypotenuse = 20.
  3. What does SOH-CAH-TOA help you remember?

Watch the lesson

Every lesson comes with a video taught in English and Spanish — the same video the QR code in the printed workbook opens.

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En español

Trigonometría en triángulos rectángulos

En un triángulo rectángulo, el seno, el coseno y la tangente relacionan un ángulo con razones entre los lados (SOH-CAH-TOA). Úsalos para encontrar lados o ángulos desconocidos.

Ejemplo 1: Para encontrar el lado opuesto a un ángulo de 30° cuando la hipotenusa mide 10: sin(30°) = opuesto/10, entonces opuesto = 10 × 0.5 = 5.

Ejemplo 2: Una rampa sube 3 pies en un avance horizontal de 12 pies. Halla su ángulo con el suelo. La subida es el cateto opuesto y el avance es el adyacente, así que usa tangente: tan t = 3/12 = 0.25. Entonces t = arctan(0.25), aproximadamente 14°.

Ejemplo 3: Error común: elegir la razón por costumbre y no por lo que dan. Seno, coseno y tangente no son intercambiables — sen necesita la hipotenusa y el cateto opuesto, cos necesita la hipotenusa y el adyacente, tan necesita los dos catetos. Marca los dos lados que el problema nombra y elige la razón que use exactamente esos dos. Usar sen cuando te dieron dos catetos da siempre un ángulo equivocado.

More Geometry lessons

Proving Theorems about AnglesG-CO.C.9Using Similarity and CongruenceG-SRT.B.5Circles and Coordinate GeometryG-GPE.A.1Volume and Geometric ModelingG-GMD.A.1

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