Curriculum › Grade 10 › English Language Arts

Transforming Source Material

  • Grade 10
  • English Language Arts
  • RL.9-10.9
  • Reading: Literature
  • Free lesson

Aligned to RL.9-10.9 — Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts.

What this lesson teaches

Authors often draw on older stories, myths, or history and reshape them for a new purpose. Analyze what an author keeps, changes, or inverts, and what that transformation reveals about the new work's meaning.

Worked examples

Example 1

A retelling that makes the greedy giant of an old folktale into a lonely landlord who hoards empty apartments keeps the hoarding motif but changes the moral from punishing greed to exposing loneliness.

Example 2

A contemporary poem reworks an old ballad about a drowned sailor, keeping its refrain but giving the drowning to a container ship's crew and the refrain to a shipping-company advertisement. The borrowed form is what makes the new meaning land: the reader hears the lament and the jingle in the same rhythm.

Example 3

Common mistake: assuming the newer version is a commentary on the older one. Sometimes a writer borrows a structure simply because it works, with no argument about the source intended. Look for evidence inside the new text that it is pointing back — an altered line, an ironic echo, a reversed ending. Without that evidence, describe what the retelling does on its own terms.

Practice questions

  1. Identify the source a work draws on and one element it keeps.
  2. Name one element the author changes or reverses.
  3. Explain what the transformation lets the new work say that the original did not.

Watch the lesson

Every lesson comes with a video taught in English and Spanish — the same video the QR code in the printed workbook opens.

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En español

Transformar el Material de Origen

Los autores suelen tomar historias antiguas, mitos o hechos históricos y reformularlos con un nuevo propósito. Analiza qué conserva, cambia o invierte un autor, y qué revela esa transformación sobre el significado de la obra nueva.

Ejemplo 1: Una nueva versión que convierte al gigante avaro de un cuento popular en un casero solitario que acumula departamentos vacíos conserva el motivo de acumular pero cambia la moraleja de castigar la avaricia a exponer la soledad.

Ejemplo 2: Un poema contemporáneo retoma una balada antigua sobre un marinero ahogado, conserva su estribillo pero le da el ahogamiento a la tripulación de un buque de carga y el estribillo a un anuncio de la naviera. La forma prestada es lo que hace aterrizar el nuevo significado: el lector oye el lamento y el jingle en el mismo ritmo.

Ejemplo 3: Error común: dar por hecho que la versión nueva es un comentario sobre la antigua. A veces un autor toma prestada una estructura simplemente porque funciona, sin intención de argumentar nada sobre la fuente. Busca evidencia dentro del texto nuevo de que señala hacia atrás — un verso alterado, un eco irónico, un final invertido. Sin esa evidencia, describe lo que la nueva versión hace por sí misma.

More Reading: Literature lessons

Theme Development & Author's ChoicesRL.9-10.2Citing Strong Textual EvidenceRL.9-10.1How Complex Characters DevelopRL.9-10.3Word Choice, Tone, and ConnotationRL.9-10.4Structure, Time, and SuspenseRL.9-10.5Point of View from World LiteratureRL.9-10.6

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