CurriculumGrade 8Mathematics

Linear vs. Nonlinear Functions

Aligned to 8.F.A.3 — Common Core State Standards for Mathematics.

What this lesson teaches

A function in the form y = mx + b is linear — its graph is a straight line with a constant rate of change m. Functions that don't fit this form, like y = x^2, are nonlinear and graph as curves.

Worked example

y = 3x − 1 is linear (m = 3, b = −1); equal steps in x give equal steps in y. But y = x^2 is nonlinear: at x = 1, 2, 3 the outputs are 1, 4, 9, and the differences 3, 5, 7 are not constant.

Practice questions

  1. Is y = −2x + 7 linear or nonlinear? Give its slope and intercept.
  2. Explain why y = x^2 + 1 is not linear.
  3. Make a table for y = 2^x at x = 0, 1, 2, 3 and explain why it is nonlinear.

Watch the lesson

Every lesson comes with a video taught in English and Spanish — the same video the QR code in the printed workbook opens.

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En español

Funciones Lineales y No Lineales

Una función de la forma y = mx + b es lineal — su gráfica es una recta con una tasa de cambio constante m. Las funciones que no tienen esta forma, como y = x^2, son no lineales y se grafican como curvas.

Ejemplo: y = 3x − 1 es lineal (m = 3, b = −1); pasos iguales en x dan pasos iguales en y. Pero y = x^2 es no lineal: en x = 1, 2, 3 las salidas son 1, 4, 9, y las diferencias 3, 5, 7 no son constantes.

More Functions lessons

Defining and Comparing Functions8.F.A.1Comparing Functions8.F.A.2Modeling Linear Relationships8.F.B.4Analyzing Graphs Qualitatively8.F.B.5

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