CurriculumGrade 12English Language Arts

How an Author's Choices Shape a Story

Aligned to RL.11-12.3 — Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts.

What this lesson teaches

Elements like character, setting, and plot are not given — an author chooses to introduce, delay, connect, or withhold them, and each choice produces an effect. Analyze the decision itself and what a different choice would have cost the story.

Worked example

A playwright keeps the dead father offstage for the entire first act, letting other characters describe him in contradictory ways; by choosing rumor over appearance, the author makes the father a screen for everyone's guilt rather than a man, so the eventual flashback lands as a correction, not an introduction.

Practice questions

  1. Identify one structural choice an author made about a character or event and state the alternative they rejected.
  2. Explain the specific effect the chosen version produces that the alternative would not.
  3. Connect that single choice to how the whole work develops its central conflict or idea.

Watch the lesson

Every lesson comes with a video taught in English and Spanish — the same video the QR code in the printed workbook opens.

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En español

Cómo las Decisiones del Autor Moldean la Historia

Elementos como el personaje, el ambiente y la trama no vienen dados — el autor elige presentarlos, retrasarlos, conectarlos u ocultarlos, y cada decisión produce un efecto. Analiza la decisión misma y lo que otra opción le habría costado a la historia.

Ejemplo: Un dramaturgo mantiene al padre muerto fuera del escenario durante todo el primer acto, dejando que otros lo describan de forma contradictoria; al elegir el rumor sobre la aparición, el autor convierte al padre en una pantalla para la culpa de todos y no en un hombre, así que el recuerdo posterior llega como corrección, no como presentación.

More Reading: Literature lessons

Themes That Build on One AnotherRL.11-12.2Evidence Where a Text Stays UncertainRL.11-12.1Word Choice, Connotation, and ToneRL.11-12.4Structure and the Manipulation of TimeRL.11-12.5Reading Satire, Irony, and UnderstatementRL.11-12.6Comparing Interpretations of a SourceRL.11-12.7

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