Curriculum › Grade 12 › English Language Arts

Command of Conventions for College and Career

  • Grade 12
  • English Language Arts
  • L.11-12.1
  • Language
  • Free lesson

Aligned to L.11-12.1 — Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts.

What this lesson teaches

Mature writing applies grammar and usage flexibly for clarity and effect, resolving tricky usage questions by consulting references when needed.

Worked examples

Example 1

Choosing 'who' vs. 'whom,' or varying sentence length for emphasis, are deliberate choices that sharpen professional writing.

Example 2

Pronoun agreement in professional writing: Each applicant must submit their transcript is now standard and accepted in most style guides; Each applicant must submit his transcript excludes half the applicants; Applicants must submit their transcripts avoids the question entirely by going plural. All three are grammatical choices, and only the second carries a cost the writer may not intend.

Example 3

Common mistake: applying a convention without knowing which house style governs. Serial comma or not, numerals under ten spelled out or not, headings in title case or sentence case — these vary by publication, and there is no universally correct answer. Find the style guide your reader uses, follow it consistently, and spend your attention on the choices that change meaning rather than the ones that only signal membership.

Practice questions

  1. When do you use 'whom' instead of 'who'?
  2. Vary two short sentences into one for better flow.
  3. Why consult a style guide for tricky usage?

Watch the lesson

Every lesson comes with a video taught in English and Spanish — the same video the QR code in the printed workbook opens.

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En español

Dominio de las convenciones para la universidad y el trabajo

La escritura madura aplica la gramática y el uso del idioma de manera flexible para lograr claridad y efecto, y recurre a referencias cuando surgen dudas complicadas sobre el uso correcto.

Ejemplo 1: Elegir entre 'quien' y 'a quien', o variar la longitud de las oraciones para dar énfasis, son decisiones deliberadas que perfeccionan la escritura profesional.

Ejemplo 2: Concordancia en la escritura profesional: Cada solicitante debe entregar su expediente funciona sin marcar género; Todos los solicitantes deben entregar sus expedientes evita del todo la cuestión pasando al plural; el uso de los alumnos y las alumnas es correcto pero pesa si se repite en cada frase. Las tres son decisiones gramaticales, y cada una tiene un costo de claridad o de inclusión que conviene elegir a propósito.

Ejemplo 3: Error común: aplicar una convención sin saber qué manual de estilo rige. Coma antes de la conjunción final o no, números menores de diez con palabra o con cifra, títulos en mayúscula inicial o en mayúsculas plenas — todo eso varía según la publicación, y no hay una respuesta universalmente correcta. Localiza el manual que usa tu lector, síguelo con consistencia y gasta tu atención en las decisiones que cambian el significado, no en las que solo señalan pertenencia.

More Language lessons

Punctuation That Controls MeaningL.11-12.2How Language Functions in ContextL.11-12.3Unlocking Unknown WordsL.11-12.4Figurative Language and Fine DistinctionsL.11-12.5Academic and Domain Vocabulary for CollegeL.11-12.6

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