Curriculum › Grade 10 › Science

Shifting Equilibrium (Le Chatelier)

  • Grade 10
  • Science
  • HS-PS1-6
  • Matter and Its Interactions
  • Free lesson

Aligned to HS-PS1-6 — Next Generation Science Standards.

What this lesson teaches

At equilibrium the forward and reverse reactions run at the same rate, so amounts stop changing. Le Chatelier's principle says that if you stress a system at equilibrium — changing concentration, pressure, or temperature — it shifts in the direction that relieves the stress.

Worked examples

Example 1

For N2 + 3 H2 <-> 2 NH3 (exothermic), adding more N2 stresses the left side, so the equilibrium shifts right to make more ammonia. Increasing pressure also shifts it right, because the right side has fewer gas molecules (2 versus 4) and squeezing favors the smaller-volume side.

Example 2

Because the reaction is exothermic, cooling it also shifts it right — the system treats removed heat like a removed product.

Example 3

Equilibrium is not equal amounts. It is equal rates, and the concentrations can sit heavily on one side and stay there.

Practice questions

  1. What does it mean for a reaction to be at equilibrium?
  2. For N2 + 3 H2 <-> 2 NH3, name one condition change that would produce more NH3 and explain why.
  3. Removing product from an equilibrium mixture: predict which way the equilibrium shifts and justify it with Le Chatelier's principle.

Watch the lesson

Every lesson comes with a video taught in English and Spanish — the same video the QR code in the printed workbook opens.

▶ Watch this lesson

En español

Desplazar el equilibrio (Le Chatelier)

En el equilibrio la reacción directa y la inversa ocurren a la misma velocidad, así que las cantidades dejan de cambiar. El principio de Le Chatelier dice que si perturbas un sistema en equilibrio —cambiando la concentración, la presión o la temperatura— este se desplaza en la dirección que alivia la perturbación.

Ejemplo 1: Para N2 + 3 H2 <-> 2 NH3 (exotérmica), agregar más N2 perturba el lado izquierdo, así que el equilibrio se desplaza a la derecha para producir más amoníaco. Aumentar la presión también lo desplaza a la derecha, porque el lado derecho tiene menos moléculas de gas (2 frente a 4) y comprimir favorece el lado de menor volumen.

Ejemplo 2: Como la reacción es exotérmica, enfriarla también la desplaza a la derecha — el sistema trata el calor retirado como un producto retirado.

Ejemplo 3: El equilibrio no es cantidades iguales. Son velocidades iguales, y las concentraciones pueden quedarse muy cargadas hacia un lado.

More Matter and Its Interactions lessons

Bulk Properties and Particle ForcesHS-PS1-3Bond Energy and Reaction EnergyHS-PS1-4What Controls Reaction RateHS-PS1-5Conservation of Mass and StoichiometryHS-PS1-7

Teach this lesson today

An AI tutor that guides with questions instead of just giving answers — all K–12 core subjects, every child in the family.

Start free — no card required