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Becoming a Contractor: The Bond, the Insurance, and the Business Exam

  • Grades 9-12
  • Life Skills & Career Paths
  • CTE:CT-13
  • Trades & Apprenticeships
  • Free lesson

Aligned to CTE:CT-13 — Jump$tart National Standards in K-12 Personal Finance Education & Advance CTE Career Clusters.

What this lesson teaches

Journey level means you can do the work. Contractor means you can sell it, hire for it, and carry the risk of it — a different job with a different exam. States typically want around four years of journey-level or supervisory experience, a trade exam, and a business and law exam covering contracts, liens, and payroll. Then come the three things that actually let you open the doors: a surety bond, liability insurance, and workers' compensation.

Worked examples

Example 1

A surety bond and an insurance policy are not the same instrument and protect different people. The bond protects your CUSTOMER — if you take the money and walk, they can claim against it, and the surety then comes after you to be repaid. Liability insurance protects YOU when something you did causes damage. Buying one and thinking you have the other is a common and expensive confusion.

Example 2

The business and law exam is where trade-skilled people most often fail, because it covers contracts, mechanics liens, payroll taxes and labor law rather than the craft. Somebody who can wire a building perfectly can still lose a house to a payroll tax mistake, which is exactly why the state tests it separately.

Example 3

Common mistake: pricing a job by adding up materials and hours. That figure is your COST, and a bid at cost loses money on every job, because it pays nothing toward insurance, the truck, the bond, unbillable drive time, the quotes you write and do not win, or the weeks it rains. Overhead and profit are separate lines added on top, and a contractor who cannot name their overhead rate is guessing.

Practice questions

  1. Find out how many years of experience your state requires before you can sit for a contractor license in one trade.
  2. Explain in your own words who a surety bond protects and who liability insurance protects.
  3. Price a small job by materials and hours, then list six costs that bid does not yet cover.

Watch the lesson

Every lesson comes with a video taught in English and Spanish — the same video the QR code in the printed workbook opens.

▶ Watch this lesson

En español

Convertirse en contratista: la fianza, el seguro y el examen de negocios

Nivel de oficial significa que puedes hacer el trabajo. Contratista significa que puedes venderlo, contratar para él y cargar con su riesgo — otro trabajo, con otro examen. Los estados suelen pedir unos cuatro años de experiencia de nivel oficial o de supervisión, un examen de oficio y un examen de negocios y leyes sobre contratos, gravámenes y nómina. Después vienen las tres cosas que de verdad te dejan abrir: una fianza, un seguro de responsabilidad civil y el seguro de accidentes de trabajo.

Ejemplo 1: Una fianza y una póliza de seguro no son el mismo instrumento y protegen a personas distintas. La fianza protege a tu CLIENTE: si tomas el dinero y te vas, él reclama contra ella, y la afianzadora después te cobra a ti. El seguro de responsabilidad civil te protege a TI cuando algo que hiciste causa un daño. Comprar uno y creer que tienes el otro es una confusión común y cara.

Ejemplo 2: El examen de negocios y leyes es donde más reprueba la gente hábil en el oficio, porque cubre contratos, gravámenes de constructor, impuestos de nómina y derecho laboral en lugar del oficio mismo. Alguien que puede alambrar un edificio a la perfección puede perder su casa por un error de impuestos de nómina, y justo por eso el estado lo evalúa aparte.

Ejemplo 3: Error común: cotizar un trabajo sumando materiales y horas. Esa cifra es tu COSTO, y presupuestar al costo pierde dinero en cada obra, porque no paga nada del seguro, la camioneta, la fianza, el tiempo de traslado no facturable, las cotizaciones que escribes y no ganas, ni las semanas que llueve. Los gastos generales y la utilidad son renglones aparte que se suman encima, y un contratista que no sabe su porcentaje de gastos generales está adivinando.

More Trades & Apprenticeships lessons

Apprenticeships: Earning While You LearnCTE:CC-9Licensing and Certification: What It Takes to Be LegalCTE:CC-10Working for Yourself in a TradeCTE:CC-11License, Certification, or Registration — Know Which One You NeedCTE:CT-4The Registered Apprenticeship: Paid From Day OneCTE:CT-5Electrician: The Code, the Hours, and the Open-Book ExamCTE:CT-6

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