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Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

  • Grade 10
  • Science
  • HS-PS1
  • Physical Science
  • Free lesson

Aligned to HS-PS1 — Next Generation Science Standards.

What this lesson teaches

Atoms have protons, neutrons, and electrons. The periodic table organizes elements by structure, so position predicts properties and reactivity.

Worked examples

Example 1

Elements in the same column (group) react similarly — the alkali metals (Group 1) are all highly reactive because they have one outer electron.

Example 2

Group 18, the noble gases, barely react at all, because a full outer shell leaves nothing to gain or give.

Example 3

Atomic number, not mass, sets an element's identity and place. Isotopes of carbon differ in mass and are all still carbon.

Practice questions

  1. What particles make up an atom?
  2. Why do elements in a group behave alike?
  3. Predict whether a Group 1 element is reactive.

Watch the lesson

Every lesson comes with a video taught in English and Spanish — the same video the QR code in the printed workbook opens.

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En español

Estructura atómica y la tabla periódica

Los átomos tienen protones, neutrones y electrones. La tabla periódica organiza los elementos por su estructura, de modo que la posición de un elemento permite predecir sus propiedades y reactividad.

Ejemplo 1: Los elementos de la misma columna (grupo) reaccionan de forma similar — los metales alcalinos (Grupo 1) son todos muy reactivos porque tienen un solo electrón en su capa exterior.

Ejemplo 2: El grupo 18, los gases nobles, casi no reaccionan, porque una capa externa llena no deja nada que ganar ni que ceder.

Ejemplo 3: El número atómico, no la masa, fija la identidad y el lugar de un elemento. Los isótopos del carbono difieren en masa y todos siguen siendo carbono.

More Physical Science lessons

Chemical Bonding and ReactionsHS-PS1Energy in Chemical ReactionsHS-PS3

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